Manggis (Garcinia mangostana)

Description:
Tree, always green, 6-20 m. high Stem erect, main stem clear, brown leather bar, have a yellow gum. Single leaf, leaves sit opposite hand or opposite, strand; dipermukaan flash, dark green on the surface of the bottom surface of the green light, the form of ellipse aft, 12-23 x 4,5-10 cm, stalk 1,5-2 cm. 1-3 female flowers at the end of the bar, order menggarpu, 5-6 cm diameter. Sheath leaf sheath, leaf sheath of two terluar yellow green, 2 is smaller terdalam, be bordered by a red, solid curve, blunt. Crown consists of a 4 leaf crown, the form of inverted eggs, thick beefy, green yellow, red edge, or nearly all red. Sterile stamen (staminodia) is usually in the skein (group). Will bear fruit 4-8, the finger-berjari pistil 4-6. Fruit depressed spheroidal, diameter 3,5-7 cm, dark purple, with the pistil to sit (stay), stay sheath, the walls thick, beefy, purple, with yellow sap. Seeds 1-3, membrane covered by a thick fleshy seeds, white, can be eaten (including seeds that failed to grow perfect). Origin is not known. Flowering time from May to January. This plant can grow in the altitude of 1-1000 m dpl on various types of land (on the clay loam and the organic-rich material), often as a fruit crop. lklim that is needed is the heat and humidity with rainfall is evenly distributed. Multiplication can be done with plant seeds which have dikecambahkan first in plastic bags (soon after removed from the fruit). Shoot can be planted in the field after the age of 2 - 3 years, with a distance of 10 m. tanarn Young plants must be protected / dinaungi and will bear fruit after the age of 8-15 years. Tree that is fostered akan bear fruit more quickly. Increase the level of success with the method of culture network stake bud leaf axilla using Indole Butyric Acid (compassion) are very small.

Uraian : Pohon, selalu hijau, tinggi 6-20 m. Batang tegak, batang pokok jelas, kulit batang coklat, memiliki getah kuning. Daun tunggal, duduk daun berhadapan atau bersilang berhadapan, helaian; mengkilat dipermukaan, permukaan atas hijau gelap permukaan bawah hijau terang, bentuk elips memanjang, 12-23 x 4,5-10 cm, tangkai 1,5-2 cm. Bunga betina 1-3 di ujung batang, susunan menggarpu, garis tengah 5-6 cm. Kelopak daun kelopak, dua daun kelopak yang terluar hijau kuning, 2 yang terdalam lebih kecil, bertepi merah, melengkung kuat, tumpul. Mahkota terdiri dari 4 daun mahkota, bentuk telur terbalik, berdaging tebal, hijau kuning, tepi merah atau hampir semua merah. Benang sari mandul (staminodia) biasanya dalam tukal (kelompok). Bakal buah beruang 4-8, kepala putik berjari-jari 4-6. Buah berbentuk bola tertekan, garis tengah 3,5-7 cm, ungu tua, dengan kepala putik duduk (tetap), kelopak tetap, dinding buah tebal, berdaging, ungu, dengan getah kuning. Biji 1-3,diselimuti oleh selaput biji yang tebal berair, putih, dapat dimakan (termasuk biji yang gagal tumbuh sempurna). Asal usul tidak diketahui. Waktu berbunga Mei - Januari. Tumbuhan ini dapat tumbuh di Jawa pada ketinggian 1-1000 m dpl pada berbagai tipe tanah (pada tanah liat dan lempung yang kaya bahan organik), sering sebagai tanaman buah. lklim yang diperlukan adalah adanya kelembaban dan panas dengan curah hujan yang merata. Perbanyakan tanaman dapat dilakukan dengan biji yang telah dikecambahkan terlebih dahulu dalam kantong plastik (segera setelah dikeluarkan dari buah). Kecambah dapat ditanam di lapangan setelah berumur 2 - 3 tahun, dengan jarak tanarn 10 m. Tanaman muda harus dilindungi/dinaungi dan akan berbuah setelah berumur 8-15 tahun. Pohon yang dipupuk akan lebih cepat berbuah. Tingkat keberhasilan perbanyakan dengan metode kultur jaringan turus kuncup ketiak daun menggunakan Indole Butyric Acid (IBA) sangat kecil.

The disease can be treated:
BIOLOGY AND EFFECT FARMAKOLOGI stew mangosteen rind antidiare have any effect. Young mangosteen fruit has an effect speriniostatik and spermisida. Extracts (n-heksana and ethanol) have a high ketoksikan mangosteen on a specific test methods Brine Schrimp Test (BST). The results of a study reported that Mangostin (1,3,6-trihidroksi-7-metoksi-2 ,8-bis (2-3metil-butenil)-9H-xanten-9-on) the isolation of the fruit skin and have any activity antiinflamasi antioxidants. From the results of the studies and biochemistry farmakologi can note that mangostin is competitive not only prevent reseptor histamin H, mediators muscle contraction but also software epiramin the building where reseptor H1, in the soft muscle cells in their entirety. Mangostin is a new type of histamin. Toksisitas extracts of leaves of young mencit with full dose of 500, 1000, 1500 mg / kg BB, showing the effects on the fetus as a decrease in body weight, the occurrence of bleeding in the fetus, and the changes in the network such as the fetus heart nekrosis on hepar cells, but the difference did not occur development and abortion. Mangosteen leaf extracts with different doses can reduce the number of spermatid cells, there was the addition of the number of abnormal spermatozoa, and slow progression spermatozoa mencit.

Utilization:
PURPOSE IN THE COMMUNITY
The fruit is used to treat diarrhea, tonsillitis, keputihan, dysentery, hemorrhoids, sore, in addition to use as peluruh sputum, and also for toothache. Skin of the fruit is used to treat sariawan, dysentery, muscle aches, constipation. Stem bark is used for stomach aches. Roots to overcome the curse that is not regular. In terms of flavor, fruit mangosteen enough potential to be made juice.
HOW IN THE COMMUNITY usage:
Untukmengobati dysentery used skin from 2 mangosteen fruit, washed and cut pieces, boiled with 4 glasses of water volume sampal live 1 / 2 is, after the cold filtered Ialu drink with honey if necessary (2 x day 3/4gelas).
Diarrhea Untukmengobati used skin from 2 mangosteen fruit that is cooked, washed and cut pieces, boiled with 3 glasses of water to stay 1/2nya volume, and then filtered after cold drink with honey as necessary (2 x day 3/4gelas).
Untukmengobati sariawan used skin from 2 mangosteen fruit, washed and cut pieces, boiled with 3 glass of water until the volume of live 1 / 2 is, after the cold rinse and strained to hold drink (3 - 6 x daily 2 tablespoon).

Composition:
The fruit skin extracts dissolved in petroleum ether alkaloid compound found 2. Bark, bark and fruit lateks dried Garcinia mangostana contains a number of yellow pigment that comes from two metabolit the ß-mangostin and mangostin successful diisolasi. Mangostin is a main component, while ß-mangostin are minor constituents. Found metabolit the new 1,3,6,7-tetrahidroksi-2 ,8-di (3-metil-2butenil) xanton the name of a skin-mangostanin fruit Garcinia mangostana.